Published: July 2023
The following titles are included in the ‘Passage Planning Guidelines’ trilogy:
- ‘Passage Planning Guidelines’
- ‘Safe Nav Watch’
- ‘Teamwork on the Nav Bridge’
‘Passage Planning Guidelines’ focuses on the Appraisal and Planning stages of voyage planning using traditional methods, paper charts and ECDIS, with fully worked examples throughout.
The 2023 edition has been updated to reflect the industry’s changing position on using ECDIS, and ENCs, as the primary means of navigation when passage planning. While still covering all the aspects of traditional paper chart navigation, this edition also includes a detailed overview of passage planning using ECDIS. Passage planning calculation examples are included to increase navigators’ familiarity, and imagery has been updated for both paper charts and ECDIS route planning examples.
‘Safe Nav Watch’ provides guidance on safe navigational watchkeeping, highlighting potential hazards and how these can be avoided. The book contains guidance from experienced mariners, reinforced by best practice.
In this edition, all applicable SOLAS amendments and bridge equipment performance standards have been updated, alongside an in-depth review of the ‘Bridge Equipment’ chapter. New case studies have been added to the ‘Lessons from Navigation Incidents’ chapter, highlighting errors navigators have made on voyage and what the industry best practice is to prevent incidents from happening again. Chapter 5 – ‘Bridge Practices – Weather’ has also been expanded to incorporate tropical revolving storms, their locations and how to navigate safely when one forms.
‘Teamwork on the Nav Bridge’ is based on original text from a leading trainer of cockpit resource management. The text has been fully revised and updated to reflect the key factors in bridge resource management, and why this is essential when forming the bridge team.
Table of Contents
Passage Planning Guidelines 2023 – 2024 Edition
Chapter 1 – Introduction
1 Effective Passage Planning
1.1 The Requirement for a Comprehensive Passage Plan
1.2 The Four Stages of Planning
1.3 Responsibility
1.4 Key to Symbols
Chapter 2 – Appraisal
2 Gathering Information
2.1 Carriage Requirements for Charts and Nautical Publications
2.2 Preliminary Research – Overview
2.3 Destination and Routeing
2.4 Tidal Data and UKC Calculations
2.5 ‘Ocean Passages for the World’
2.6 ‘Passage Planning Guides’
2.7 Weather and Environment
2.8 Charts, Update and Review
2.9 Additional Considerations for Passage Planning in Ice Regions
2.10 Preliminary Research – Other Considerations
2.11 Appraisal Findings
Chapter 3 – Passage Planning on Paper Charts
3 Planning using Paper Charts
3.1 Voyage Overview
3.2 Chart Preparation
3.3 Plotting Courses
3.4 Speed on Passage Legs
3.5 Pilotage
3.6 Port Approaches
3.7 Coastal and Ocean Passages
3.8 Contingency Planning
3.9 Completion of the Planning Stage
3.10 Coastal Passage – Example
Chapter 4 – Passage Planning on ECDIS
4 Planning using ECDIS
4.1 ECDIS Overview
4.2 Voyage Overview
4.3 ECDIS Settings
4.4 Route Creation
4.5 Mariner-added Objects
4.6 Manual Updates
iv Passage Planning Guidelines
4.7 Route Check
4.8 Bridge Team Briefing and Master’s Approval
4.9 Execution
Annexes
Annex A – Example Appraisal Report Format
Annex B – Passage Planning Checklists
Annex C – ECDIS Planning Checklists
Annex D – Parallel Indexing
Annex E – Example Passage Plan Worksheet Format
Annex F – Example of Passage Planning Notes
Annex G – ECDIS References
Annex H – List of Useful Publications
Annex I – ECDIS Display Options
Teamwork on the Nav Bridge
Chapter 1 – What do we Mean by ‘Human Error’?
Chapter 2 – Defences Against the Consequences of ‘Human Error’
2.1 Technology
2.2 Understanding Human Performance
2.3 Communication
2.4 Intervening with Senior Officers
2.5 Protecting Your Eyes
2.6 Target Fascination and Reduced Processing
2.7 Situational Awareness
2.8 Decision-Making
Chapter 3 – Bridge Resource Management (BRM)
3.1 Attitudes
3.2 What Makes an Effective Bridge Team?
Chapter 4 – Working with a Pilot on Board
4.1 What Changes when the Pilot Comes on Board?
Chapter 5 – Keeping Fit for Duty
5.1 Inadequate Rest
5.2 Stress
5.3 Working at Night and in Darkness
5.4 Getting a Good Sleep
Chapter 6 – Fatigue
6.1 How Does Fatigue Affect Performance?
6.2 Napping (Short Shallow Sleep)
6.3 Fatigue Management
Safe Nav Watch
Chapter 1 – Bridge Equipment (Carriage Requirements)
1.1 SOLAS Equipment List for Ships Built Before 2002
1.2 SOLAS Equipment List for Ships Built After 2002
1.3 GMDSS Equipment
1.4 Bridge Equipment Connections
1.5 Bridge Equipment – Performance Standards
Chapter 2 – Bridge Equipment (Overview and Usage)
2.1 Bridge Equipment (Overview and Usage)
2.2 Ship’s Compasses
2.3 Autopilot (Heading/TCS)
2.4 Ship’s Log (Speed Log)
2.5 GNSS
2.6 Radar Systems
2.7 Automatic Identification System (AIS)
2.8 ECDIS/Paper Charts
2.9 Chart Radar
2.10 Echosounder
2.11 Integrated Bridge Systems
2.12 Communications Equipment
2.13 Internal Communications
2.14 External Sound Signalling Equipment
2.15 Signal and Navigation Lights
2.16 Telegraph
2.17 Steering Gear
2.18 Thrusters
2.19 Other Bridge Equipment
2.20 Internal Monitoring Systems
Chapter 3 – Prerequisites for Watchkeepers
3.1 Fitness for Duty
3.2 Watch Arrangements
3.3 Master’s Standing Orders
Chapter 4 – Bridge Practices – At All Times
4.1 Bridge Familiarisation
4.2 Proceeding to Sea
4.3 Nav Watch Rating
4.4 Maintaining a Proper Lookout
4.5 OOW Watch Handovers
4.6 Keeping a Safe Navigational Watch
4.7 Conning
4.8 OOW/Master Relationship
4.9 Collision Avoidance
vi Safe Nav Watch
4.10 Logbooks
4.11 Fatigue
4.12 Anchoring and Watchkeeping at Anchor
Chapter 5 – Bridge Practices – Weather
5.1 Navigation in Restricted Visibility
5.2 Responsibilities of the OOW in Heavy Weather
5.3 Heavy Weather – Tropical Revolving Storm (TRS)
5.4 Navigation in Ice
Chapter 6 – Bridge Practices – Coastal Navigation
6.1 Coastal Navigation
6.2 Pilot on Board
6.3 VTS/VTIS
6.4 Traffic Separation Schemes
Chapter 7 – Emergencies
7.1 General
7.2 MOB
7.3 Fire
7.4 SAR
7.5 Collision
7.6 Groundings
7.7 Medical Emergencies
7.8 Bridge Emergency Power and UPS Arrangements
Chapter 8 – Lessons from Navigation Incidents
8.1 ‘Royal Majesty’
8.2 ‘Express Samina’
8.3 ‘Hyundai Dominion’ and ‘Sky Hope’
8.4 ‘Princess of the Stars’
8.5 ‘Cosco Busan’
8.6 ‘Costa Concordia’
8.7 ‘El Faro’
8.8 ‘Star Pride’
8.9 ‘Nova Cura’
8.10 CMA CGM ‘Vasco de Gama’
8.11 ‘L’Austral’
8.12 ‘Huayang Endeavour’ and ‘Seafrontier’
8.13 ‘Sanchi’ and ‘CF Crystal’
8.14 MV ‘Wakashio’
8.15 MV ‘Captain V. Madias’
Chapter 9 – Bridge Preparedness
9.1 The Use of Checklists
9.2 Likelihood of an Accident Occurring
9.3 Preventing Complacency at Sea
